The IRAC framework is a commonly used method for structuring legal analysis in problem-based questions. It helps you organise your thinking clearly and logically when applying the law to a set of facts.
What is IRAC?
I for Issues
Identify the legal questions or issues raised by the facts.
→ What legal problems need to be resolved?
R for Rule
State the relevant legal principles or rules that apply. This could include legislation, case law, or both.
→ What law applies to this issue?
A for Application/Analysis
Apply the rule to the facts of the scenario. This is where arguments and reasoning are used to show how the law relates to the facts and challenges the issue identified.
→ How does the law work in this scenario?
→ What arguments support each side?
C for Conclusion
Summarise your findings and state your answer to the issue based on your analysis. Keep it clear and concise.
→ What is the likely legal outcome?
Tips for using IRAC effectively
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Focus on one issue at a time
Break complex legal problems into smaller parts. If a problem raises multiple legal issues, apply the IRAC structure separately to each issue. This keeps your analysis clear and organised. -
Be specific in your application – don’t just repeat the rule
It’s not enough to state the law — show how it applies to the facts of the scenario. Use the parties’ names or specific facts to support your reasoning. -
Support your rule and application with legal authority
Cite relevant statutes and case law to back up each legal rule and your analysis. This shows your understanding of legal sources and strengthens your argument. Try to use the most appropriate or recent authority where possible. -
Practice using IRAC to build confidence
Like any legal skill, using IRAC takes practice. Use it in class exercises, tutorials, and past exam questions. Practising regularly will help you write faster and more clearly under pressure.
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